UNIT 5 Through the Grapevine

REPORTED SPEECH 

We can report someone's words in two ways. We can use direct speech with quotation marks ("I work in a bank"), or we can use reported speech (He said he worked in a bank.)

In reported speech the tenses, word-order and pronouns may be different form those in the original sentence.

Direct Speech        

Present Simple

Present Continous

Present Perfect 

Past Simple

Will

Can

May

Must 

Have to 

Reported Speech

Past Simple

Past Continous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect

Would

Could

Might

Had to

Had to

REPORTING QUESTIONS

When we report what people say, we usually change the tense of the verbs to reflect that we are reporting;This pattern is followed when we report questions and there are also other important changes between direct questions and reported questions 

YES/NO questions:

Direct question: Do you like working in teams?

Reported questions: He asked if I liked working in teams

We don't use auxiliary verbs.

UNIT 4 Taking Care Of Business

COMPOUND NOUNS

They normally have two parts. The second part identifies the object or person in question (man, friend, tank, table, room). The first part tells us what kind of object or person it is, or what its purpose is (police, boy, water, dining, bed)

NOUN + NOUN:

Bedroom

Motorcycle

NOUN + VERB:

Rainfall

Haircut

VERB + NOUN:

Swimming pool

Washing machine

HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE

It describes situations where we want someone else to do something for us.

Formula: HAVE/GET + Something + Past Participle

         Example: I must have/get my hair cut.

UNIT 3 Buying Power

THE VS. NO ARTICLE

=The=

• Before nouns of which there is only one.
• Before a noun which has become definite as a result of being mentioned a second time.
• Before names of seas, rivers, chains of mountains, groups of islands and plural names of countries.
• Before musical instruments.

=No Article=

We do not use an article when we talk about plural nouns when we are talking generally.

INDIRECT QUESTIONS 

We used them when we want to make more polite questions. They have an opening phrase before the main question. Indirect questions DO NOT follow the question word order.

*For YES/NO questions, include IF/WHETHER after the opening phrase.

UNIT 2 Then & Now

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

1.- Determiner

     Ex: A, An....

2.- Opinion

     Ex: Beautiful, Pretty....

3.- Size

     Ex: Big, Small....

4.- Height/Lenght

     Ex: Long, Short....

5.- Shape/Weight

     Ex: Heavy, Circular....

6.- Color 

     Ex: Green, Black....

7.- Material

     Ex: Silk, Leather....

USED TO/DIDN'T USE TO

We use "USED TO" to talk about things that were true in the past, but are not true in the present.

     Example: I used to play videogames all day.

We use "DIDN'T USE TO" to talk about things that weren't true in the past, but are probably true in the present.

     Example: I didn't use to work full time.

SO/TOO & EITHER/NEITHER

Formula: SO + Aux. + (*.*)

             (*.*) + Aux. + TOO

               (*.*) + Neg Aux. + EITHER

               NEITHER + Aux. + (*.*)

We used them to express similarity, to show that we agree with the other person's opinion on something.

     Example: I love chocolate

                  Me too/ So do I/ I do too

                            I don't like the onion

                  Me neither/ Neither do I/ I don't either

UNIT 1 Live & Learn

MAKE OR DO?

Make: Talk about something you create (you use your hands)

         Example: She made a cake for me.

Do: Talk about an action, you don't mention by name, most of the time is about of mental work, referred to the topic: "work".

         Example: I do my homework everyday.

PRESENT PERFECT+YET/ALREADY/JUST

JUST: A short time ago.

        Example: Where's Ana?

                      She's just woken up.

ALREADY: Before you expected.

        Example: Jon, this is Emma. 

                      Yes, I know. We've already met.

YET: Until now (negatives)

        Example: Is Tony here?

                     No, he hasn't arrived yet.

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Describes an action that began in the past, continues in the present, and may continue in the future. Used with for or since.

Formula: (*.*) + Have/Has + Been + Verb -ing + complement.

         Example: I have been practising mixed martial arts since long ago.

         

Reported Speech

Aldo Rico Pérez A01372957
Rodrigo Ramírez Castillo A01373720

The teacher told us he had borned in Mexico City (1984), he told us he could speak spanish, english, little of french and german, also he told us had been graduated from the UNAM also he told us he had a degree in english teaching, also he told us that he had worked im the Politecnique Institution, UNAM and in the UNITEC, he told us he liked to go to the cinema, also he told us he had been teaching english for 8 years and he told us that in the next year he would take vacations in Europe.

Credit Card :3